儿童西方文化导读
[align=center][align=center][b][font=宋体][size=14pt]我是无名小辈艾米莉·迪肯逊[/size][/font][/b][font=宋体][size=14pt]（[/size][/font][size=14pt][font=Times New Roman]Emily Dickinson[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=14pt]艾米莉·迪肯逊（[/size][/font][size=14pt][font=Times New Roman]1830[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=14pt]—[/size][/font][size=14pt][font=Times New Roman]1886[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=14pt]），美国女诗人。她秉性忧郁孤独，足不出户，一生过者几乎与世隔绝的生活。虽未受过正式的教育，但勤奋好学，博览群书，自学成才。她写的诗不送刊物，不求发表，甚至不在人前显露。她写了二千多首诗，但生前发表的不超过[/size][/font][size=14pt][font=Times New Roman]7[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=14pt]首。她去世后，她妹妹在抽屉里发现一大堆手稿，于是代她陆续加以整理。[/size][/font][size=14pt][font=Times New Roman]1890[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=14pt]年出版了她的第一本诗集。[/size][/font][size=14pt][font=Times New Roman]1955[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=14pt]年出版了她的诗歌全集。她的诗言简意深，擅长运用象征手法描写平凡的事物或常见的情景，从而成功地表现自己的意志和感情。语言通俗精练，意象别致清新。常带有神秘气氛和唯美主义色彩。由于她离群索居，不问世事，其作品在当时无所影响，直到二十世纪二十年代才开始被人注意，名声日升，如今倍受推崇，被誉为英美意象派的前驱，杰出的美国现代女诗人。）[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt][/size][/font][/align][/align][align=center][align=center][b][font=宋体][size=14pt]I am nobody[/size][/font][/b][/align][/align][align=center][align=center][size=14pt][font=Times New Roman]By Emily Dickinson[/font][/size][/align][/align][align=center][align=center][font=宋体][size=14pt]I’m nobody, who are you?[/size][/font][/align][/align][align=center][align=center][font=宋体][size=14pt]Are you nobody too?[/size][/font][/align][/align][align=center][align=center][font=宋体][size=14pt]Then there’s a pair of us.[/size][/font][/align][/align][align=center][align=center][font=宋体][size=14pt]Don’t tell they’d banish us, you know.[/size][/font][/align][/align][align=center][align=center][font=宋体][size=14pt]How dreary to be somebody,[/size][/font][/align][/align][align=center][align=center][font=宋体][size=14pt]How public-like a frog-[/size][/font][/align][/align][align=center][align=center][font=宋体][size=14pt]To tell your name the livelong June [/size][/font][/align][/align][align=center][align=center][font=宋体][size=14pt]To an admiring bog.[/size][/font][/align][/align][align=center][align=center][font=宋体][size=14pt] [/size][/font][/align][/align][align=center][align=center][font=黑体][size=14pt]我是无名小辈[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt][/size][/font][/align][/align][align=center][align=center]
[font=黑体][size=14pt][/size][/font][/align][/align][align=center][align=center][font=宋体][size=14pt]艾米莉·迪肯逊[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt][/size][/font][/align][/align][align=center][align=center][font=宋体][size=14pt] [/size][/font][/align][/align][align=center][align=center][font=宋体][size=14pt]我是无名小辈[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt][/size][/font][/align][/align][align=center][align=center][font=宋体][size=14pt]你呢[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]?[/size][/font][/align][/align][align=center][align=center][font=宋体][size=14pt]也是无名小辈[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]?[/size][/font][/align][/align][align=center][align=center][font=宋体][size=14pt]那我们是一对了。[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt][/size][/font][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][font=宋体][size=14pt] [/size][/font][/align][/align][align=center][align=center][font=宋体][size=14pt]要知道，[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt][/size][/font][/align][/align][align=center][align=center][font=宋体][size=14pt]无需抱怨被人排挤，[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt][/size][/font][/align][/align][align=center][align=center][font=宋体][size=14pt]可怕的是赫赫显要。[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt][/size][/font][/align][/align][align=center][align=center][font=宋体][size=14pt]出了名也不过像只青蛙，[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt][/size][/font][/align][/align][align=center][align=center][font=宋体][size=14pt]在漫长的六月里忙着[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt][/size][/font][/align][/align][align=center][align=center][font=宋体][size=14pt]向赞赏它的泥沼，[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt][/size][/font][/align][/align][align=center][align=center][font=宋体][size=14pt]高唱自己的名号。[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt][/size][/font][/align][/align][align=center][align=center][b][font=黑体][size=14pt]我有一个梦[/size][/font][/b][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][font=宋体][size=14pt]马丁[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]·[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]路德[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]·[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]金（[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]Martin Luther King, Jr.[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]，[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]1929[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]年[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]1[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]月[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]15[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]日[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]—1968[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]年[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]4[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]月[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]4[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]日），著名的美国民权运动领袖，[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]1964[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]年度诺贝尔和平奖获得者，有金牧师之称。[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt][/size][/font][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][font=宋体][size=14pt] [/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]1929[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]年[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]1[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]月[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]15[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]日马丁[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]·[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]路德[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]·[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]金出生于佐治亚州的亚特兰大市奥本街[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]501[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]号，一幢维多利亚式的小楼里。他的父亲是教会牧师，母亲是教师。[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]15[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]岁时聪颖好学的金以优异成绩进入摩尔豪斯学院攻读社会学，后获得文学学士学位（[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]1948[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]年马丁[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]·[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]路德[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]·[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]金获得莫尔豪斯大学学士学位）。[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]1951[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]年他又获得柯罗泽神学院学士学位，[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]1955[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]年他从波士顿大学获得神学博士学位。[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt][/size][/font][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][font=宋体][size=14pt] [/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]1954[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]年马丁[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]·[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]路德[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]·[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]金成为亚拉巴马州蒙哥马利市的德克斯特大街浸信会教堂（[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]Dexter Avenue Baptist Church[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]）的一位牧师。[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]1955[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]年[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]12[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]月[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]1[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]日，一位名叫做罗沙[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]·[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]帕克斯的黑人妇女在公共汽车上拒绝给白人让座位，因而被蒙哥马利节警察当局的当地警员以违反公共汽车座位隔离条令为由逮捕了她。马丁[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]·[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]路德[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]·[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]金立即组织了蒙哥马利罢车运动（蒙哥马利市政改进协会），号召全市近[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]5[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]万名黑人对公共法与公司进行长达[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]1[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]年的抵制，迫使法院判决取消地方运输工具上的座位隔离。从此他成为民权运动的领袖人物。[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]1958[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]年他因流浪罪被逮捕。[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]1963[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]年金组织了争取黑人工作机会和自由权的华盛顿游行。[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]1964[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]年，他被授予诺贝尔和平奖。[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]1968[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]年[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]4[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]月[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]4[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]日，他在旅馆的阳台被一名种族分子刺客开枪正中喉咙致死。[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt][/size][/font][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][font=宋体][size=14pt] [/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]1986[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]年[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]1[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]月，总统罗纳德[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]·[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]里根签署法令，规定每年一月份的第三个星期一为美国的马丁[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]·[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]路德[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]·[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]金全国纪念日以纪念这位伟人，并且订为法定假日。迄今为止美国只有三个以个人纪念日为法定假日的例子，分别为纪念发现美洲大陆的哥伦布的[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]Columbus Day [/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]（十月第二个星期一），[/size][/font]
[font=宋体][size=14pt]纪念乔治[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]·[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]华盛顿的[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]Presidents' Day[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]（二月第三个星期一），与此处所提到的马丁[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]·[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]路德[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]·[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]金纪念日。他最有影响力且最为人知的一场演讲是[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]1963[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]年[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]8[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]月[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]28[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]日的《我有一个梦想》，迫使美国国会在[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]1964[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]年通过《民权法案》宣布种族隔离和种族歧视政策为非法政策。[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt][/size][/font][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][font=宋体][size=14pt] 他的妻子是科丽塔[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]·[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]斯科特[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]·[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]金。[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt][/size][/font][/align][/align][font=宋体][size=14pt]马丁[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]·[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]路德[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]·[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=14pt]金为黑人谋求平等，发动了美国的民权运动，功绩卓著，闻名于世。金在成为民权运动积极分子之前，是黑人社区必有的浸礼会的牧师。民权运动是美国黑人教会的产物，本文记叙金的第一次民权演说，揭示了民权运动与黑人教会的关系。[/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt][/size][/font]
[align=left][align=left][font=Arial][size=14pt]Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of captivity. But one hundred years later, we must face the tragic fact that the Negro is still not free.[/size][/font][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][font=宋体][size=14pt] [/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land.[/size][/font][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][font=宋体][size=14pt] [/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]So we have come here today to dramatize an appalling condition. In a sense we have come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir.[/size][/font][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][font=宋体][size=14pt] [/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]This note was a promise that all men would be guaranteed the inalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check which has come back marked "insufficient funds." But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation.[/size][/font][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][font=宋体][size=14pt] [/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]So we have come to cash this check -- a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice. We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to open the doors of opportunity to all of God's children. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood.[/size][/font][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][font=宋体][size=14pt] [/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment and to underestimate the determination of the Negro. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. Those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. There will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights.[/size][/font][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][font=宋体][size=14pt] [/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges. But there is something that I must say to my people who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice. In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred.[/size][/font][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][font=宋体][size=14pt] [/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. we must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force.[/size][/font][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][font=宋体][size=14pt] [/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny and their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom.[/size][/font][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][font=宋体][size=14pt] [/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]We cannot walk alone. And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall march ahead. We cannot turn back. There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, "When will you be satisfied?" we can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negro's basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream.[/size][/font][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][font=宋体][size=14pt] [/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow cells. Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive.[/size][/font][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][font=宋体][size=14pt] [/size][/font][font=Arial][size=14pt]Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed. Let us not wallow in the valley of despair. I say to you today, my friends, that in spite of the difficulties and frustrations of the moment, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.[/size][/font][/align][/align][align=left][align=left][font=宋体][size=14pt] [/size][/font][/align][/align]
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